To pursue an arrest and criminal charges, the police need evidence. Sometimes, evidence presents itself, but that isn’t always the case. Another option that the police have is to gather information through surveillance.
Surveillance is an age-old technique, but it has changed with technological advances. Here are some of the more common types of police surveillance.
Physical surveillance
Old-fashioned techniques such as physical surveillance can still be useful for the police. They may observe individuals in public by going on stakeouts. Or, undercover operatives may observe suspects more closely. While surveillance is lawful, there are certain lines that officers cannot cross. They cannot stop and search or detain individuals without reason. They also cannot enter private property without consent or a valid search warrant.
Electronic surveillance
Electronic surveillance has become increasingly common in recent years. This may include things like using GPS trackers to monitor a suspect’s movements, tapping phone lines and monitoring a person’s social media activity. Again, the police are not allowed to intrude without good reason. Generally, they need warrants for many electronic surveillance activities.
Other forms of surveillance include:
- Monitoring someone’s bank transactions
- Watching a suspect on CCTV
- Utilizing facial recognition technology
- Following vehicles
Police officers are permitted to use surveillance to gather information and evidence related to criminal activities. They are, however, not allowed to impede on an individual’s right to privacy.
If the surveillance you came under was unlawful, this could be used in your defense. For example, your Fourth Amendment protections from unlawful searches and seizures may have been violated. Seek legal guidance to find out the best way to protect yourself.